Sunday, June 3, 2012

Biological Factors That conduce to Depression

What Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Biological Factors That conduce to Depression
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Many citizen are pre-disposed to depression because of their own biological makeup manufacture their risk of suffering from this condition much greater then those who do not share these risk factors. There are four main biological factors that can growth a persons risk for depression and these comprise (1) genetic factors, (2) biochemical factors, (3) alterations in hormonal regulation and, (4) sleep abnormalities.

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Genetic Factors

Studies done with twins have shown that genetic factors play a role in the amelioration of depressive disorders. There have been a number of studies done that show that the mean rate of shared mood disorders among same twins is 45% to 60%. This means if one twin suffers from depression, or any other mood disorder, there is a 45% to 60% occasion that the other twin will also be affected. Discrepancy this with fraternal twins where the ration falls of drastically to only 12%.

Moods disorders are inheritable for some people. This also means that those who are genetically susceptible to mood disorders can have an earlier age of onset, a greater rate of suffering other disorders in expanding to depression and an increased risk of recurrent illnesses. However, any genetic factors that are gift must interact with environmental factors for depression to develop.

Biochemical Factors

The brain contains billions of neurons and is a extremely complicated organ. There is a lot of evidence that points to the idea that depression is a biological or chemical disorder where central nervous law neurotransmitter abnormalities are a probable cause of clinical depression. These neurotransmitter abnormalities may be the corollary of inherited or environmental factors, or even of other medical conditions, such as cerebral infarction, hypothyroidism, Aids, or substance abuse.

Specific neurotransmitters in the brain are believed to be related to mood altered states. It was initially believed that the two main neurotransmitters complicated were serotonin and norepinephrine. With new explore though it is now view that depression results from the dysregulation of a number of neurotransmitter systems in expanding to serotonin and norepinephrine. The dopamine, acetylcholine, and Gaba systems are also believed to be complicated in the pathophysiology of major depression.

Alterations in Hormonal Regulation

Although there is still inconclusive evidence that hormones can play a role in depression. The most studied neuroendocrine characteristic that relates to depression has been hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis. Evidence of increased cortisol secretion is apparent in 20% to 40% of depressed outpatients and 40% to 60% of depressed inpatients. Results of a dexamethasone suppression test are abnormal in about 50% of patients with depression, which indicates hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis. However, the findings of this test may also be abnormal in citizen with obsessive-compulsive disorders and other medical conditions. Significantly, patients with psychotic major depression are among those with the highest rates of nonsuppression of cortisol on the dexamethasone suppression test.

Sleep Abnormalities

Sleep electroencephalogram abnormalities may be clear in 40% to 60% of outpatients and up to 90% of inpatients while a major depressive episode. citizen prone to depression tend to have a pre-mature loss of sleep, slow delta wave sleep and altered rapid eye movement (Rem) latency. The phase of Rem sleep related with dreaming occurs earlier in two thirds of citizen with bipolar and major depressive illnesses. This sign is referred to as reduced Rem latency and is consistent with the incredible manifestation of an inherited trait. Reduced Rem latency and deficits in slow-wave sleep typical persist following salvage from a depressed episode. Data also suggests that depressed patients without this sign are not likely to acknowledge to rehabilitation with tricyclic antidepressants, which suppress early Rem sleep.

There are many factors that conduce to depression, many of which are biochemical in nature. Those that are biologically induced can be treated with distinct designate drugs but as with whatever relating to human emotion and chemical makeup answering one request as to why brings up more questions that remain unanswered.

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